Transforming Survivor Guilt into Social Activism: Ukrainian Women Refugees in Germany

Abstract

This study examines how Ukrainian women refugees in Germany transform survivor guilt into social activism. Using a meso-sociological and emotional approach, we identify three dimensions of guilt—the sense of injustice, betrayal for leaving Ukraine, and helplessness over their inability to influence events—which foster solidarity, group cohesion, and a strong national identity. Case studies of German families hosting refugees illustrate the interplay between personal trauma and shared historical memory, reinforcing civic engagement, and individual and social changes. We conceptualize this transformation through a spiral model of transformative learning, integrating Mezirow’s theory. Initially confronted with a disorienting dilemma, these women undergo critical reflection and emotional self-examination and get engaged in social interaction, ultimately reframing guilt into purposeful actions. This study underscores the pivotal role of emotions in refugee integration and activism, demonstrating how survivor guilt can catalyze empowerment and social activism.