Managing Power Asymmetries: A Comparative Analysis of Nepal and Luxembourg in Global Politics Through Small State Theories

Abstract

Small states operate within a global system dominated by larger powers, requiring them to adopt unique strategies to navigate power asymmetries. Small states are often characterized by limited geographic size, population, economic resources, and political influence on the global stage. Despite these constraints, small states have carved out unique roles and strategies to ensure their survival and development in an increasingly complex international system. This study presents a comparative analysis of Nepal and Luxembourg, two small states with distinct geopolitical realities, through the lens of small state theories. While Nepal, a landlocked South Asian state, is positioned between two rising powers, India and China, Luxembourg, a landlocked European state, benefits from institutional integration within the European Union (EU) and NATO. Their contrasting experiences highlight the diversity of small state strategies in global politics. This study also emphasis various theories associated with small states and how each small states adapt in shaping their survival strategies based on historical, economic, and geopolitical factors. By comparing Nepal and Luxembourg, this research contributes to a broader understanding of how small states manage power asymmetries, offering insights into the diverse pathways available for their security, economic prosperity, and diplomatic engagement in global affairs.