An Analysis of In-Migration of “Parosee” Tribal in Rural Uttar Pradesh, India in the Context of International Gulf Migration

Abstract

International labour migration from Uttar Pradesh to Gulf countries is a new phenomenon in the context of globalization of migration in the twenty first century. Therefore, the major objective of this research paper is based on an explorative study about the role of international Gulf migration in the internal migration of tribal in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. The methodology of the paper is based on empirically based primary field surveys, conducted in two phases from February 2015 to March 2015 and October 2023 to November 2023 in Inayat Patti with its surrounding villages and urban city namely Kareli- in Prayagraj (Allahabad) district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Collected primary data is analyzed in the framework of ethnographic technique under analysis of a cause-effect model with content analysis. The findings of the study show that the culture of Gulf migration created a shortage of labourers in the located brick kilns in rural Uttar Pradesh and these consequences led to tribal-based parosee migration from neighbouring tribal states of Uttar Pradesh namely- Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand to brick kilns in rural Uttar Pradesh. These tribal migrants were known as parosee among local people in rural Uttar Pradesh due to their neighbouring connection with Uttar Pradesh. Consequences of tribal-based parosee migration were caused by the function of cultural migration and promoted tribal-based culture due to interaction with nomadic local Musahar tribal community in out-international Saudi-based Gulf migration zone in rural Uttar Pradesh as well as created problems of environment degradation, health problems due to black fume of brick kilns and also created a barrier in the implementation of agenda of sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2030 of United Nation. Therefore, the findings of the study will encourage researchers, policymakers, and academicians to further research in the study of the nexus of sustainable development and migration in India and the rest of the world.