Migration, Securitization, and State Policies: Evaluating Afghan Irregular Migration and Repatriation Centers in Türkiye

Abstract

This study delves into an extensive exploration of migration and securitization policies within the context of Türkiye, with a specific focus on Afghan irregular migration and the function of repatriation centers. The research scrutinizes state policies that initiate the migration process of Afghan irregular migrants to Türkiye, deficiencies in border security, and related practices. The influence of key global events such as the Taliban’s takeover, the withdrawal of US and NATO forces, and the ensuing political turmoil in Afghanistan are examined as triggers for migration. These factors, coupled with issues such as personal safety, unemployment, and poverty, have led to increased internal and external migration. The study also investigates the myriad challenges Türkiye faces in dealing with the surge of migrants. Housing, health, education, integration, employment, social services, urbanization, and various public policy areas are all areas strained by this influx. Attention is given to the Return Centers under the Directorate General of Migration Management, where irregular migrants are gathered with the aim of repatriation to their home countries. The study explores the incidents, causes, consequences, and security issues encountered during this process. As part of the research, interviews were conducted with Afghan migrants who were willing to participate. These interviews provided insights into their experiences before migration, during their journey, and after arriving in Türkiye. The interviews shed light on the experiences of migrants, including the struggles they face, their reasons for migration, and the impact of their journey on their lives. Additionally, the study delves into the role of the Tuzla Repatriation Center, located in Istanbul’s Tuzla district and operated by the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management. Despite the confidential nature and ever-changing data at the center, the research attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of its operations and the experiences of the migrants housed there. The findings of this study are significant in understanding the complexities of migration, the role of repatriation centers, and the effects of state policies on the lives and experiences of migrants. The research provides valuable insights into the challenges and potential policy implications of managing migration and offers potential pathways for addressing these issues effectively.