Border Crossing

Front Matter

Mon, 11 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Front Matter

Child Soldiers and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Suat Donmez — Thu, 26 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The United Nations' eighth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) focuses on “decent work and economic growth.” A primary objective of this goal is to urgently and effectively eradicate severe forms of child labour. This initiative includes abolishing forced labour, ending modern slavery and human trafficking, and preventing children's use as soldiers. Historically, children have been significantly impacted by the devastating effects of wars, being exploited for various military activities globally. Currently, child soldiers, irrespective of gender, participate in civil wars and conflicts in numerous countries worldwide. Despite the United Nations classifying the military recruitment of child soldiers as a war crime, thousands of children actively participate in conflicts. A significant portion of child soldiers are girls, often subjected to sexual slavery and forced into “marriages” with male combatants. A crucial concern regarding child soldiers is their retraining and reintegration into society. Another significant consideration is the classification of these children — whether they should be viewed as criminals or victims. This study explores the global use of child soldiers, specifically in some instances. A pivotal aspect of this examination is understanding the international legal framework, UN SDGs and the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration process. These models, implemented by the United Nations in partnership with local governments, aim to reintegrate post-conflict children, both boy and girl child soldiers.

Türkiye’s European Union Accession Process Evaluation in The Context of Kemalism

Enver Emre Öcal — Fri, 27 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Republic of Türkiye's involvement with European integration dates back to Democrat Party period. It is clear how difficult and questionable this period of many years is. Türkiye 's European Union accession process, which started to accelerate especially since the first half of the 2000s, was resolutely criticized by many nationalist intellectuals in the same period. The central point of these criticisms was that the European Union process would wear out the nation state and was absolutely incompatible with Kemalist principles. In terms of the ideology of Kemalism, which was shaped as the mortar of the nation-building project in the early Republic period, it was undoubtedly an acceptable fact that the European Union membership, which would mean the transfer of the sovereignty of the nation-state, was viewed negatively. Based on the fact in question, the aim of this article is to give a brief summary of the European Union process, which accelerated in the first half of the 2000s and gradually faded in the second half, and then to evaluate the European Union membership process from the Kemalism ideology perspective. Thus, it will be put forward whether the EU membership process and the Kemalism ideology constitute two separate poles, as asserted by nationalist intellectuals.

Ethnographic Analysis of Nexus about Migration and Culture in Global Perspective

Mohammed Taukeer — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Labour migration from India to Gulf countries is the result of the consequence of globalization by process, determinants and consequences in the first century. Therefore, the present study is based on the study of the nexus of migration and culture in the context of labour migration from Uttar Pradesh to Gulf countries under an ethnographic approach through conducting field works in Uttar Pradesh as root, Mumbai as transit destination and United Arab Emirates as the international destination from November 2017 to December 2019. The findings of the study show that there is an interconnection between internal and international migration by penetration of globalization of culture of migration from Uttar Pradesh to the Gulf via Mumbai. These consequences developed as a safe zone concept of migration due to the depth penetration of cultural migration from Uttar Pradesh. The consequences of the safe zone concept may be defined as the depth penetration of the culture of migration from India to Gulf countries as the consequence of globalization.

Belarusian – Polish Border: The Diplomacy of Cross-Border Migration

Mukesh Shankar Bharti, Shreesh Kumar Pathak, Aakriti Mathur — Tue, 05 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Amidst the political conflict between the European Union (EU) and Belarus, thousands of Middle Eastern migrants have been stranded at the Belarusian-Polish border. The article analyses the border clashes and politics of various migration issues in the European Union. The circumstances have been changing tremendously since November 2021, with an influx of migrants trying to cross the Belarusian border into Poland. This article further articulates the EU’s role in solving the cross-border immigration into the Poland border. The research analyzes to understand the politically motivated humanitarian crisis that is widely understood as a response from Belarus. While classical realist theories are used to account for the mechanism of secure cross-border problems, socially-oriented theories are often invoked to characterise relaxed borders. The article aims to challenge these simplified categorisations and theories, that secure borders are a long-standing reality and that security is a more complex theoretical conceptualisation. The research describes international intervention in the immigrant crisis at the Polish border and that the European Commission and EU leaders have accused Lukashenko of deliberately aiding the smuggling of migrants from the Middle East to the Polish-Belarusian border.

The Many Worlds of Trauma: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Amalia Calinescu — Sun, 10 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents a multidimensional analysis of trauma. The socio-physiological approach in the first part sets the stage for underlining the role of integrative psychotherapy in addressing traumatic wounds. Drawing from different fields, the study then provides Kazuo Ishiguro's psychoanalytic approach to understanding the relationship between trauma and human existence, with a particular focus on the interplay between memory, identity and chronic emotional disturbances. The study thus explores how fiction can serve as a therapeutic tool, giving voice to characters who either embark on healing journeys or try to conceal their unhealed wounds within self-contained worlds. Through existential parables, therapeutic fiction can delve into the psychological implications of traumas, offering the possibility of acceptance, or even healing, despite the immutable nature of the past. Ultimately, this interdisciplinary analysis aims to deepen one’s understanding of trauma's impact on individuals and society while it highlights the potential for healing and growth in real life through the worlds of fiction.